The Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Bill passed by Ghana's parliament in February now sits on President Nana Akufo-Addo's desk, awaiting his decision to sign or veto. The legislation prescribes prison sentences of up to three years for anyone identifying as LGBTQ+ and up to ten years for promoting such activities. Activists warn it would criminalise basic human rights, including privacy and freedom of expression.
President Akufo-Addo has indicated he will not act until the Supreme Court rules on two constitutional challenges, a process that could take months. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom has urged Ghana to uphold its human rights obligations. A Foreign Office spokesperson stated that the bill, if enacted, would undermine rights to privacy and equality, and would likely deter foreign investment.
Ghana's economy, already strained by high debt and inflation, relies on aid and trade partnerships with Western nations. The UK's stance echoes that of the United States and European Union, who have cautioned that such legislation could trigger sanctions or cutbacks in development assistance. The bill enjoys broad support within Ghana's parliament and among religious and traditional leaders, reflecting deep social conservatism.
However, human rights organisations argue that it violates Ghana's constitution and international treaties. The Supreme Court hearings are scheduled for May 2024. Should the court uphold the bill, President Akufo-Addo must either sign it into law or return it to parliament with objections.
If he vetoes, parliament can override with a two-thirds majority. The outcome will set a precedent for LGBTQ+ rights across West Africa, where similar laws exist in Nigeria and Uganda. Ghana's bill originally included provisions banning transgender identity and cross-dressing, which were removed in concessions to religious groups.
Even so, critics say it remains one of the most repressive in the world. The UK's intervention adds pressure but may bolster nationalist rhetoric among proponents who view it as external interference. For now, the nation waits.
