Senegal is facing a critical juncture as parliamentarians consider a bill that would significantly reduce the powers of President Macky Sall. The vote, which is expected to take place later today, has drawn large crowds of protesters to the streets of Dakar, with security forces deploying tear gas to disperse demonstrators.
The proposed legislation, introduced by the ruling coalition, seeks to amend the constitution to limit the president's authority over key institutions, including the judiciary and the electoral commission. Critics argue that the move is a thinly veiled attempt by President Sall to consolidate power ahead of the 2024 presidential election, in which he is constitutionally barred from seeking a third term.
Supporters of the bill claim it is necessary to strengthen democratic checks and balances. However, the political opposition and civil society groups have condemned it as a power grab. The opposition leader, Ousmane Sonko, has called for nationwide protests, accusing the president of orchestrating a coup against the constitution.
The vote comes against a backdrop of escalating tensions. Last week, at least two people were killed in clashes between protesters and police in the southern region of Kédougou. Human rights organisations have reported dozens of arrests and instances of excessive force.
This is not the first time Senegal has faced political instability under President Sall. In 2021, a wave of unrest followed the arrest of Ousmane Sonko on charges of rape, which he denies. The resulting protests left at least 14 people dead and led to the government restricting internet access.
The international community has been watching closely. The United Nations has urged restraint and called for dialogue. The African Union has also expressed concern, with its chairperson, President Félix Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of Congo, offering to mediate.
For now, the mood in Dakar is tense. Shops have closed early, and many residents are staying indoors. The outcome of the vote is uncertain. If the bill passes, it could embolden President Sall but also risk further polarisation. If it fails, it may be seen as a victory for the opposition but could provoke a backlash from the government.
The implications for Senegal's stability are profound. The country has long been regarded as a bastion of democracy in West Africa, with a tradition of peaceful transitions of power. This crisis threatens that reputation. The coming hours will be decisive.
